About Guernsey soar battery
When the Allies arrived in Guernsey, the guns were still intact, no orders had been given to sabotage them. The battery personnel were concentrated in local camps before being shipped to the UK as POWs in empty Landing Ship, Tanks.The drive to recover scrap metal and a strong dislike of anything German in the islands saw the majority of the metalwork in the batter. When the Allies arrived in Guernsey, the guns were still intact, no orders had been given to sabotage them. The battery personnel were concentrated in local camps before being shipped to the UK as POWs in empty Landing Ship, Tanks.The drive to recover scrap metal and a strong dislike of anything German in the islands saw the majority of the metalwork in the battery removed and scrapped from 1947 onwards, this included the armoured turrets, doors, hoists, engines, observation domes, ventilation duct, cabling etc. with the barrels and mounts cut up in 1952/3.An ex-RAF Coles mobile crane was used to lift out depth charges found in the central pivots of the gun pits during the scrap metal drive of the early 1950s. The naval depth charges were originally thought to be large grease drums used in the operation of the gun, rather than their true purpose of disabling the gun should the battery be overrun.Festung Guernsey and local tour guides open No. 1 gun to the public for guided tours occasionally.It is a protected monument Gun No. 2 is on private land and the gun pit has been filled in since at least the 1970s. Gun No. 3 is located within La Hougette school’s grounds. The gun pit is used as an amphitheatre and the rooms as storage. Gun No. 4 is on private land and is used for airsoft/paintball battle games, it is a protected monument The mess hall has been converted into holiday cottages.
The Batterie Mirus is located inand . Originally called Batterie Nina, it comprised four . The battery was constructed from November 1941 and through the first half of 1942, and was the largest battery in the , the guns having a maximum range of 51 km. Although the guns were removed in the early 1950s, the re. The Batterie Mirus is located inand . Originally called Batterie Nina, it comprised four . The battery was constructed from November 1941 and through the first half of 1942, and was the largest battery in the , the guns having a maximum range of 51 km. Although the guns were removed in the early 1950s, the reinforced concrete structures and associated positions remain intact.
In 1940 it was initially agreed that the defence of the Channel Islands would come under the remit of the German , so Marine Artillerie Abteilung 604 (MAA604) was dispatched to set up a battery on each of the principal islands with calibers of 22 cm, 17 cm and 15 cm. These were installed by May 1941. In 1940 it was initially agreed that the defence of the Channel Islands would come under the remit of the German , so Marine Artillerie Abteilung 604 (MAA604) was dispatched to set up a battery on each of the principal islands with calibers of 22 cm, 17 cm and 15 cm. These were installed by May 1941. On 2 June 1941asked for maps of the Channel Islands. By 13 June Hitler had made a decision. Ordering additional men to the Islands and having decided the defences were inadequate, lacking tanks and , the (OT) was instructed to undertake the building of 200–250 strongpoints in each of the larger islands. The Westbefestigungen (Inspector of Western Fortresses) was put in overall command, and reports would be made every two weeks of progress. After visits to the islands by , the OT plan was finalised and submitted to Hitler.The original defence order was reinforced with a second dated 20 October 1941, following a Führer conference on 18 October to discuss the engineers' assessment of requirements. This referred to the “permanent fortification” of the Channel Islands to make an impregnable fortress to be completed by December 1942. The plan had required that three batteries of 38 cm guns be based on the islands to also provide protection for the bay of , but they could not be supplied. It was at this conference tha.
Thebarrels, which were 15.85 meters long, were cast at the Obuchov foundry in 1914 and became the main armament for one of a series ofof the 's .Thebarrels, which were 15.85 meters long, were cast at the Obuchov foundry in 1914 and became the main armament for one of a series ofof the 's .A Finnish ship, SS Nina was capturedduring the . On board was found four barrels from the Russian battleship . This 1914 ship, had been surrendered by the White Fleet in 1921 and interned in , where for non-payment of harbour dues she was sold for scrap in the late 1920s, although she was only broken up in 1936. The 12 main armament barrels were placed in storage in Bizerta before being in 1940. Eight reached Finland, the remaining four were on board SS Nina when the ship was seized by the Germans.The captured barrels were sent to Germany, where they were taken toat where land-based mounts were designed and constructed. With a potential range of 51,000m with 250 kg high-explosive shells, and 32,000m with the heavier 405 kg armour-piercing or high-explosive shells, they would make good shore based guns.The barrels were given the designation 30.5cm K.14(r) (“14” meaning 1914, year of manufacture) (“r” meaning russisch or Russian). The original cradles for the guns provided elevation to only 15º, so new electrically driven mounting platforms, weighing 38,190 kg, were designed and built ena.
The four gun battery was scattered over an area 1 km x 0.75 km. Some local civilians were evicted during the construction period, others after it was completed. Roads were closed and access restricted. The four gun battery was scattered over an area 1 km x 0.75 km. Some local civilians were evicted during the construction period, others after it was completed. Roads were closed and access restricted. A work camp for the OT workers was built, Lager Westmark, many of the workers, werewho had fledand who had been collected from . They were badly fed and treated by the civilian German construction companies they worked for. Other workers included specialist experts brought to the island from Germany or occupied countries and Guernsey men. All workers were paid for their work. If British aircraft were near, the Germans would cut all the lights at their building sites, but not the power to the concrete mixers. The huge mixers ran night and day. 45,000m³ of concrete was poured into the battery area.After they had been built, the batteries were covered with earth again.Despite the care, Allied flights over the island had photographed the construction sites.Apart from the gun positions, the battery comprised: • Command bunker leitstand (type S446) underground, with observation cupola and 10m wide stereoscopic rangefinder.
Each of the four gun positions comprised the following:• 21m circular concrete pit to provide a base for a turret comprising central pin, inner walkway (to take the breech recoil when gun operating at maximum elevation), thin middle wall 1.54m high, outer walkway, outer 1.5m thick 2.7m high blast wallEach of the four gun positions comprised the following:• 21m circular concrete pit to provide a base for a turret comprising central pin, inner walkway (to take the breech recoil when gun operating at maximum elevation), thin middle wall 1.54m high, outer walkway, outer 1.5m thick 2.7m high blast wall• Armoured turret, which could be rotated to allow the gun to turn 360 degrees• At the rear of the circular pit is the 1.5m thick blast wall with two entrances, one on each side. The forward section of the emplacement being disconnected from the rear section to reduce concussion when the gun was fired• Entrance ramp with light trolley track to bring in ammunition and supplies• light trolley tracks run to ready stores, one for cordite and the other for the projectile behind the circular blast wall• Two cordite stores, with reinforced concrete walls and a steel rocker delivery system that was used to deliver one 80 kg cordite charge at a time to the gun. (4.6m x 7.75m)• Ammunition projectile store containing shells (4.5m x 12.6m)• Ventilation room (3.0m x 7.7m)• Generator room (4.6m x 10.8m).
A naval crew of 72 men manned each gun and on 13 April 1942 the first test firing of gun No. 2 took place.The April demonstration was witnessed by several observers, including an official photographer, who stood too close and was thrown into a ditch by the concussion. Before test firing lo. A naval crew of 72 men manned each gun and on 13 April 1942 the first test firing of gun No. 2 took place.The April demonstration was witnessed by several observers, including an official photographer, who stood too close and was thrown into a ditch by the concussion. Before test firing local house owners were warned to open windows to avoid the glass shattering. Greenhouses in the area collapsed or lost many panes of glass every time the guns were fired.By 29 June, all four guns were in operation, and were ready for manual operation.The command centre used a mechanical computer, which took into account details of wind speed, air pressure and firing range. The data instrument computed these results. Corrections were made depending if the shots were short or over. The control room was manned twenty-four hours a day and required a crew of 18 working shifts.In August 1942 a short ceremony was held to rename the battery. On the orders of it became Batterie Mirus in honour ofRolf Mirus, aweapons expert killed in action on 3 November 1941 aboard Flugsicherunggsboot 502 travelling from Guernsey to . It was 1 November when the mechanisation of the battery was complete. It was then formally h.
The Channel Island naval commander, Kommandant der Seeverteidigung Kanalinseln was created in June 1942, Kapitän-zur-See Julius Steinbach, was based at St Jacques in Guernsey, where a Naval command centre abbreviated to Seeko-Ki was built. The Island commander reported to the admiral in charge of the French coast in Rouen, Admiral Hermann von F. The Channel Island naval commander, Kommandant der Seeverteidigung Kanalinseln was created in June 1942, Kapitän-zur-See Julius Steinbach, was based at St Jacques in Guernsey, where a Naval command centre abbreviated to Seeko-Ki was built. The Island commander reported to the admiral in charge of the French coast in Rouen, Admiral Hermann von Fischel. The first commander of the battery arrived in January 1942.Peter Müller, from Bremen. Succeeded by Max Schreiber, a former Chief of Police in the City of Munich. Max Schreiber was extremely popular and became its longest serving commander. Replaced as commander of Mirus by Kapitänleutnant Bruno Heck who was its commander until the German Surrender in May 1945.The Battery Commander throughout Mirus’ active period was Hellings. His counterpart in the command post was OberleutnantViggerhaus.A Battery Artillery Officer was directly in charge of all four guns, each with a Turmführer (gun commander), three NCOs and some 68 men manning each gun.
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